Search for philosophical language

1. To serve as an auxiliary language for people to communicate (common language)
2. Scientific language – simplified system of symbolism
3. Logical calculus – powerful instrument of the human mind

John Wilkins – Bishop of Chester (1614-1672)

            Attempted to create universal language

-“An Essay Towards a Real Character and A Philosophical Language”

Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz (1646-1716)

            -“Characteristica Universalis” Universal Character

            Add numbers to determine meaning

Discovered binary notation system – Existed 2000 years previous in Eastern countries.

Charles Babbage

            -“Analytical Engine” 1834

            Early calculator, forerunner of the computer, never completed

Ada Lovelace (1815-1852)

            -First computer programmer

Alan M. Turing (1912-1954)

            -Founder of computer science

            -Turing machine, really simple but can calculate a lot of stuff, theoretical

Turing test – “If you communicate with a computer in another room through a terminal not knowing if it is a computer or human, then you have true AI.”

1947 – Worked on software in Cambridge

1952 – Convicted on acts of gross indeceny (gay? – what the hell)

Konrad Zuse: Z3 computer 1941

            Was working in isolation from other sources

Founded first computer start up company

Late 1960s, suggested calculation based space (fledlging internet?)

First fully functional programmable computer – mechanical relays

Colossus at Bletchley Park 1944

            -Reduced time to crack messages from weeks to hours

Norbert Wiener “Cybernetics” 1948

            Developed field of cybernetics – means to extend human capability

            First human-machine interaction designer

IBM 701 – First commercial scientific computer 1952

            Sold 19 over 2 years

PDP-1 (Programmed Data Processor-1) 1960

            Most well known for creation of hacker culture

            First game – SpaceWar! - Steve Russel

            Cathode ray tube

MIT – Center of computing universe

Atari – Pong

Ivan Sutherland –Sketchpad 1963

            Lightpen and screen for drawing directly on screen (tablet – woot)

            First program to fully use a gui

First non-procedural program (straightening lines)

First true object oriented system

Douglas Engelbart’s NLS demo (oN-Line System) 1968 – “The mother of all demos”

Presentation of hypertext linking, instant messaging, video conferencing, email,            Mouse, huge amount of technologies

Mouse developed in 1960’s, not used mainstream till 1980’s

1990’s

Pretty much a computer explosion

Media           

1834 Zoetrope

Eadweard Muybridge “The Horse in Motion”

Fantascope projection

Lanterna Magica – Early projector

Vladimir Tatlin 1919-1920

Bauhaus something

Laszlo Moholy-Nagy

            -“my belief is that mathematically harmonious WORDS”

1930 Home Clavilux by Thomas Wilfred

            -First remote control?

Jean Tinguely, meta-Matic, No 17 1959

            -Homage to New York 1960

E.A.T – Experiments in Art and Technology

Nam June Paik – First video artist

Sony – First portable video/audio recorder

John Whitney – Father of Computer animation 1917-1995

Cybernetic Serendipity